History of Photography
The word 'photography' was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839.
Photography is the science and art of getting images by capturing light on something such as a film. Light patterns reflected or made from objects expose a silver based chemical usually through a photographic lens in a device like a camera that also stores the image
The Pinhole-
The Chinese were the first people to write about the basic idea of the pinhole camera. About 2,500 years ago they wrote about how an image was formed upside down from a "pinhole" on the opposite wall.
2,400 years ago the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle talked about a pinhole image formation in his work.
1725-Johann Schulze
Schulze was a German Professor at the University of Altdorf, whose experiments
helped to find the way towards modern day
photography. Though it was known that some chemicals darken when exposed to
the sun, it was not clear whether it was the light or heat which made this effect.
In 1727 Schulze heated some silver nitrate in an oven,
and discovered that it did not go darker, which was able to prove that heat was not
the thing that made these chemicals go darker. He noticed that a glass jar containing
a chemical mixture changed colour on one side -the one facing the window, he applied
paper stencils to a bottle containing silver nitrate and chalk, finding out that where the
substance was not exposed to light it remained white. He published details of his
results and theories, but these did not become popular until after he had died.
Louis Daguerre
Louis Dagurre was a French artist and photographer, he was well known for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography. This process was the first publically viewed and for nearly twenty years it was the one most commonly used for photography. To make the image, you would polish a sheet of silver plated copper to have a shiny finish, treat it with chemicals that made its surface light sensitive, expose it in a camera for as long as was needed, which could be a few seconds for images that were bright with intense lighting, or a lot longer for images with less intense lighting.
William Henry Fox Talbot
William Henry Fox Talbot was born on 11 February 1800 in Melbury, Dorset.Talbot went to Cambridge University in 1817. Talbot developed the three primary elements of photography: developing, fixing, and printing.Although the tecnique of exposing paper to light produced an image, it needed very long exposure times. By accident, he discovered that there was an image after a very short exposure time. The image was then fixed with a chemical solution. This removed the light-sensitive silver and let the picture be viewed in bright light. With the image, Fox Talbot realised he could repeat the process of printing. he then realised that his process could make any number of prints, unlike the Daguerreotypes. He called this the 'calotype'
George Eastman
George Eastman was an American entrepreneur who founded the Eastman Kodak Company and popularized the use of roll film, helping to bring photography to the mainstream. Roll film was also the basis for the invention of motion picture film stock in 1888
We need more images
Camera Obscura
English scientists Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke invented a portable camera in 1665-1666. In the 1500’s lots of artists used the camera obscura to help them draw pictures.
The image to the right, made in 1652, shows an outer shell with lenses in the middle of each
wall and an inner shell with see through paper for drawing. The artist entered by a trap door
in the bottom.
The camera obscura that we made was a very basic model. We started off by cutting a big square at the back of our box and then a small hole at the front, we then taped tracing paper over the big square. Once that was done, we had to figure out where the focus point of the camera was and make a 'lense' of cardboard. Then we taped a magnifying glass over the small lens and wen you held the camera up to a window, you saw the image reflected and upside down on the tracing paper
The image to the right, made in 1652, shows an outer shell with lenses in the middle of each
wall and an inner shell with see through paper for drawing. The artist entered by a trap door
in the bottom.
The camera obscura that we made was a very basic model. We started off by cutting a big square at the back of our box and then a small hole at the front, we then taped tracing paper over the big square. Once that was done, we had to figure out where the focus point of the camera was and make a 'lense' of cardboard. Then we taped a magnifying glass over the small lens and wen you held the camera up to a window, you saw the image reflected and upside down on the tracing paper
Shutter Speed
The shutter speed is the length of time a camera shutter is open to allow light in. We practised having a longer and shorter shutter speed. We found that if you have a shutter speed of 1/60, the image will most likely be blurry because the person, background or photographer has more of a chance to move. but if you have a shutter speed of 1/4000, the image will come out clear and crisp because the camera opens and closes it shutter very quickly.
Movement Images
Take 20 photos involving movement.
Phillippe Halsman
Philippe Halsman was born in Riga and began to take photographs in Paris in the 1930s. He opened a portrait studio in Montparnasse in 1934, where he photographed André Gide.
His jump style photos showed people’s true emotions and selves, I also believe that this is why he made up this style of photography. I really like his jump style because it shows peoples 'hidden' personality's.
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His jump style photos showed people’s true emotions and selves, I also believe that this is why he made up this style of photography. I really like his jump style because it shows peoples 'hidden' personality's.
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Above, I have put two examples of Philippe Halsmans work. I like these images because they show two quite professional looking people smiling and showing their 'hidden side'
Aperture
Upload the images you shot using three different apertures to achieve a range of depths of field. For each image, describe which aperture (f-stop) you used and its effects.
Include two additional sentences on WWW and EBI.
Include two additional sentences on WWW and EBI.